I am the daughter of Max Binder and Irena, née Zuckerman. I was born in Warsaw and brought up in Krasnystaw, province of Lublin. When World War II broke out, I was living with my parents and two brothers in Krasnystaw at 25 Third of May Street. After the Germans entered Krasnystaw in 1939, my entire family and I were forced out of our home into a quarter inhabited only by Jews where, subsequently, the ghetto was formed. My parents, my brothers, and I lived in the ghetto until the first half of 1942, successfully avoiding all the roundups.

In the summer of 1942, when the ghetto was being liquidated, my younger brother, Zelek, age eighteen, was shot. My parents, my older brother, Jonas, age twenty-two, and I hid at various people’s homes. Our last common hiding place was at the home of our friends, Mr. and Mrs. Niewidziajło in Krasnystaw on Zadworska Street. At the beginning of December 1942, the brother of Mrs. Niewidziajło arrived from Lwów.

My parents and brother were discovered and shot in 1943. I miraculously survived. After liberation, I finished my studies and completed middle school. In 1953, I married and began work. In 1955, I gave birth to a son. In 1959, I departed Lwów to go to Poland, and my husband, my son, and I settled in Szczecin. Since 1975, I have worked in the Jewish Community Center in that city. Szczecin.

November 11,1992